Acids exist universally in our life. There are both numerous kinds of natural acid compounds with biological functions and massive synthesized acids which are used in many ways.
In industry
Acids are fundamental reagents in treating almost all processes in today's industry. In the chemical industry, acids react in neutralization reactions to produce salts. For example, nitric acid reacts with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer. Additionally, carboxylic acids can be esterified with alcohols, to produce esters. Acids are often used to remove rust and other corrosion from metals in a process known as pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in a wet cell battery, such as sulfuric acid in a car battery.
In food
Many acids can be found in various kinds of food as additives, as they alter their taste and serve as preservatives. Phosphoric acid, for example, is a component of cola drinks. Acetic acid is used in day-to-day life as vinegar. Citric Acid is used as a preservative in sauces and pickles. Certain acids are used as drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is used as a pain killer and for bringing down fevers.
Acid catalysis
Acids are used as catalysts in industrial and organic chemistry; for example, sulfuric acid is used in very large quantities in the alkylation process to produce gasoline. Some acids, such as sulfuric, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acids, also effect dehydration and condensation reactions. In biochemistry, many enzymes employ acid catalysis.
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2. Turn the low power objective lens directly under the lens barrel so that it is approximately 1 cm from the stage. Then raise the condenser to the highest height, the aperture to the maximum, then one side from the eyepiece, one side of the mirror, the light of the light source as much as possible reflected to the condenser (if the microscope has a light source, this step can Omitted);
3. Take a drop of water from the pond on a clean glass slide, add a cover glass, and blot the water on the slide with water-absorptive paper for microscope observation;
4. Place the slide on the microscope stage, and place the sample to be viewed directly under the low magnification lens. Slowly lower the lens barrel so that the lens is spaced about 0.3 centimeters from the slide, close the aperture and lower the spotlight. , so that the lighting is not too strong nor too weak;
5. Observe with the eyepiece while moving the slide. At this point the lens barrel can only rise and cannot be lowered, otherwise it will crush the slide. When the image is observed and can move with the slide moving, it is the object to be observed. Should be able to observe the microorganisms swimming in the water;
6, if you need to use high-power lens observation, only need to replace the high magnification objective lens to the bottom of the lens tube, slightly turning the fine-tuning knob for a good focal length.
1. If the microscope is not equipped with a light source, place the microscope on a stable countertop, facing a large window (if the light is not good, use an incandescent or fluorescent lamp as the light source);
July 15, 2023