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Promoting ship type standardization is a major measure to implement the scientific development concept and build a harmonious society. It is also a major strategic deployment for China's development of water transport. The promotion of ship type standardization work has attracted the attention of leaders at all levels and has become a consensus across the country.
In the recent inspection and investigation of the standardization ship type work in the first line, the author deeply felt that it is necessary to realize the "standardization of ship type in the Sichuan River and the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the Yangtze River, the Pearl River Delta and its main stream by 2010." By 2020, there is still a long way to go before the overall goal of the inland navigation ship to achieve standardization. This has led to the following thinking.
Main problems and reasons for promoting ship type standardization
1. There are many new and rebuilt ships with low standardization rate. For example, among the 796 ships newly built and rebuilt from 2003 to April 2007 in the Chuanjiang and Three Gorges reservoir areas, only 48% met the standardization requirements.
2. The system for promoting standardized ship types is not uniform. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has a strong support along the river; in the Chuanjiang and Three Gorges reservoir areas, there is local protectionism, and some local governments are openly opposed to the promotion of standard ship type work, and the relevant departments do not receive government support.
3. The linkages between the relevant departments are poorly promoted. Some departments do not understand the ship standardization technical policy. Some shipowners only emphasize the individual needs and their own economic benefits, and some shipowners cannot easily obtain the "standard ship type review drawings". The main reasons for these problems are as follows: First, the promotion of standard ship type work is not enough. A few localities and departments still have insufficient understanding of the strategic significance of promoting standard ship type work. Second, the published standard ship type series has certain limitations. For example, the standard ship type of the Chuanjiang River and the Three Gorges reservoir area is only applicable to the following Chongqing. If the ship is built according to the current standard ship type of 1000 DWT, it can only sail for three months in the Jialing River. Therefore, the newly built and renovated 88 non-standard vessels sailing above Chongqing, 57 vessels below 1,000 tons, accounting for 65%. Since the standard ship types that have been announced cannot fully meet the needs of the shipping market, some provinces and municipalities have organized and reviewed the “standard ship typeâ€, but they have not been reported to the Ministry of Communications for approval, resulting in multiple main scales for the same ton ship type. It is not conducive to maximizing the efficiency of ship locks. Third, the supporting economic policies for promoting standard ship types are not in place. At present, in the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, there is a certain economic compensation for the dismantling of non-standard ships. In the Chuanjiang River and the Three Gorges reservoir area and other rivers, the corresponding ship-breaking compensation is not in place.
Suggestions
According to the overall target requirements for the standardization of the national river trade type by 2015 (5 years ahead of the age), it is recommended that:
1. Establish relevant supporting regulations for ship type standardization management and technology. The existing standard ship type management regulations will be upgraded to the "Standard Ship Type Management Regulations", and the existing "Standard Ship Type Technical Plan" and "Standard Ship Type Review Drawings" will be included in the "ship inspection specifications".
2. Rely on the support of local governments at all levels. Local government support for ship type standardization determines the success or failure of this work. The standard ship type technical plan and the submitted drawings shall be widely consulted by the relevant departments at the grassroots level, and the revised opinions shall be allowed on the premise of adhering to the standard principle. However, it must be submitted to the original approval department for formal approval before the implementation of the flexibility and regular publication of the changes.
3. Department linkage. Advancing the standard ship type requires close cooperation between shipowners, transportation management, maritime affairs, ship inspection, shipyards, design units, and ship locks. The “countdown†method is adopted to promote the standardization of ship type, and the implementation of non-standard ships is “eight inaccurateâ€, that is, the design department does not design, the transportation management department does not approve the ship capacity, does not issue the operation permit, and the ship inspection department does not verify the issuance, maritime affairs. The department does not have a visa or registration, and the ship lock dispatching unit does not arrange for the gate to be closed, and the shipyard does not construct it. At the same time, the Ministry of Communications or the relevant units of the Ministry of Communications will formulate the "National Standard Ship Type Propulsion Action Plan."
4. Increase the intensity of standard ship type propulsion support policies. The state should encourage shipowners to raise funds and implement “no interest†or interest subsidies on bank loans, and solve the problem of 20% more construction of standard ships than non-standard ships of the same scale. From the Three Gorges Construction Fund, the “Division of Special Standard Ship Type Fund†will be established “cutting the blockâ€, and more reasonable subsidies will be implemented for the elimination of non-standard ships. Reduce the standard for the collection of standard ship type national fees. Increase the investment in standard ship type R&D, make reasonable compensation or reward for the designers of standard drawings, and provide the shipowner with “standard ship type technical plan†and “standard ship type submitting review drawings†in a timely and free manner. In terms of special funds, it is recommended that economically developed areas should be self-solving, and economically backward areas should be based on overall subsidies.
September 20, 2023