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Supercritical fluids have unique solubility, easy-to-modulate density, lower viscosity, and higher mass transfer rate. They have unique advantages and practical values ​​as solvents and drying media. In recent years, SiO2 bulk aerogels have been successfully used as particle detectors in high-energy physics experiments, and produce laminated windows with thermal insulation and solar energy collection. Particularly noteworthy is aerogel powders. Catalysts or their supports have been widely used in many catalytic reaction systems. Blocky aerogels or powders have shown promising applications as precursors for glass and ceramics. In addition, supercritical fluid drying technology can effectively overcome the effect of surface tension that causes gel particles to aggregate, and aerogel powders are usually composed of ultrafine particles.
The author focuses on the properties of supercritical fluids, the research progress of supercritical fluid drying technology, technical mechanisms, process and equipment, and the influencing factors of the supercritical fluid drying process (supercritical pressure, heating rate, supercritical temperature, etc.) Thermodynamic calculations, application of supercritical fluid drying technology, control techniques, and points of attention are due to the rapid development of supercritical fluid drying as a new type of drying technology in recent years. So far, there have been many successful examples of industrial production, such as the drying of gelatinous materials, the drying of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, and the treatment of bacteria in food and pharmaceutical raw materials. However, since the supercritical fluid drying method is generally performed under a higher pressure and the involved systems are also more complicated, a large amount of research on the process and phase balance is needed in the step-by-step process in order to optimize the industrial scale production. Design provides a reliable basis, and the cost of doing these experiments is generally high, which limits the application of the technology. In order to solve this problem, an appropriate theoretical model is established to predict the equilibrium concentration of the substance in the supercritical fluid phase, and the experimental workload is reduced, the amplification cycle can be shortened, and the capital can be saved. For this reason, in-depth research on the process experiment and drying mechanism of supercritical fluid drying has been conducted both at home and abroad in recent years.
Drying refers to the process of removing moisture from processed materials and other items, but the term “drying†also includes the process of removing organic liquids (such as benzene, alcohols, etc.) from solids. As we all know, the basic requirements for drying technology and equipment are to ensure that necessary quality indicators (such as moisture content, material structure and mechanical properties, etc.) are obtained and that the best unit energy consumption indicators are ensured. Therefore, the development of technologies corresponding to the level of modern science and technology Low-cost, high-productivity drying technologies and devices are of great economic importance. Supercritical fluid drying technology is proposed in response to the special requirements in the production process of certain chemical products.
September 21, 2023