Soviet Union Xibin Phosphate Second Flotation Plant (АНОФ-2)

The Soviet Union was one of the world's major phosphorus ore producer. Its production centers are the three mining areas of Kola Peninsula, Karachi and Aktyubinsk.

The Xibin Phosphate Mine in the Kola Peninsula in the northwest of the Russian Republic is the largest phosphate mine in the Soviet Union. It is also a world-famous joint mining and selection company for magmatic rock apatite. There are 14 deposits in the region with proven phosphate ore reserves. In 1974, the total ore reserves are 3.146 billion tons, with an average P ₂ O ₅ 16% to 17% and Al ₂ O ₃ 13.5%. The prospective reserves are predicted to be 5.7 billion tons, accounting for 80% to 85% of the total resources of the Soviet phosphate mine.

There are currently four mines being produced in the area: Кукисвумчорр, 克斯кспорр, Apache Апатит, and Pratolas Umjol (Пасторасвумнорр) )plateau. In addition to the first and second flotation plants with an annual output of about 20 million tons of phosphorus concentrates, which were put into operation in the 1930s and 1965, there are also 10 million tons of annual phosphorus concentrates expected to be put into operation in 1987. Three flotation plants. Phosphate concentrate production in the entire Xibin area accounted for more than 80% of the total Soviet production. The grade of phosphate concentrate reaches P ₂ O ₅ 39.4%, which is the highest in the world.

The Xibin Phosphate Mine is a single apatite-neixite deposit. Ore structure types are different, speckled, spotted strips, breccia, flat strips, etc. The apatite-containing ore body is divided into two main ore belts: the upper ore belt accounts for one-third of the ore-bearing layer, containing P ₂ O ₅ 26% to 28%; the lower ore belt accounts for two-thirds of the ore layer, including P ₂ O ₅ 16% to 18%. Currently selected ore, apatite containing an average of 40% to 44%, 35% to 40% nepheline, augite Ni 8% to 12%, feldspar 3% to 5%, sphene 1.2% to 1.9% titanium magnetic iron ore 1% to 1.8%, other ingredients 1% to 2%, of secondary minerals 2% to 3%. The apatite has better prismatic crystals, and the particles are 0.1 to 1.0 mm (called fine particles) and 2 to 12 mm (called coarse particles), which are smaller than the associated mineral particles and have good friability. The average chemical composition is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Hibbing beneficiation of phosphate rock into an average chemical composition

Among the phosphate ore in the Hibin area, there is also an ore-like ore that is formed during the weathering of the basic rock and contains a large amount of clay- based slime. This ore accounts for approximately 1.5% to 3% of the total ore's total reserves. In the ore selected by the concentrator, the average content of this ore is approximately 10% of the constituent minerals. When sorting, if the amount of ore is below 12% to 15%, the beneficiation process is smoother; if the amount of ore is increased or there is a compositional incorporation of composite ore, the quality of the phosphate concentrate will be reduced. The second flotation plant of the Xibin Phosphate Mine near Apaziu mainly deals with “mixed ore” containing more clay.

The second phase of the Xibin Phosphate Flotation Plant was put into operation in 1965 and has been expanded several times in the future. The current scale is to treat 23 to 25 million tons of raw ore annually. In 1980, it produced 14.5 million tons of phosphate concentrate. The plant has been using backwater since 1979, and the current reuse of water has reached 100%. Fresh water is only consumed in the compensation production process and the loss of water in the tailings pond, so that the amount of fresh water is reduced from the original 21.4km ³ / hour to 5.64km ³ / hour.

The selected ore of the plant contains 15% to 17% of P ₂ O ₅ , and the proportion of oxidized ore is about 20%, so its process index is lower than that of the first flotation plant. The ore is transported to the plant with a self-unloading dump truck with a carrying capacity of 105 tons along the electric railway, and is sorted according to the process flow shown in Figure 2. The process recovery rate is 91%-92% (commodity recovery rate 89%-90%). The main process equipment used in the concentrator is detailed in Table 2. The number and quality flow of the flotation system, the 27 ^# series of the plant, is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2 Production process of apatite concentrate in the second flotation plant of Xibin Phosphate Mine

Table 2 Main equipment table of Xibin Phosphate Mine Second Flotation Plant

Figure 3 Xibin Phosphate No. 2 Flotation Plant 27 ^#系列数,质量过程

The flotation agent used in the plant is the same as the first flotation plant. Due to the high content of oxidized ore in the ore, the dosage of the agent is slightly higher. See Table 3 for details.

Table 3 Flotation agent dosage

The selected tailings are pumped to the tailings pond in two stages or directly discharged into the tailings dam at Beraya Bay in Immand Lake. The clarified water after the tailings dam is precipitated is supplied to the concentrator according to the circulation system. Part of the water needs to remove sludge and harmful impurities in the water preparation section.

In addition to the main production of apatite concentrates, the plant also recovers nepheline ore. The obtained nepheline concentrate contains 28.5% to 29% of Al ₂ O ₃ , and is a raw material for producing aluminum , sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, glass and various building materials.

The quality index and cost composition of the Xibin Phosphate No. 2 flotation plant are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 according to the relevant data at the end of the 1970s.

Table 4 Quality Index of Xibin Phosphate No. 2 Flotation Plant

Table 5 Cost of each process in the selection of apatite ore in the workshop cost of the second flotation plant in Xibin Phosphate Mine (%)

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