Ferrography Technology Ferrography is a diagnostic technique based on the analysis of lubricating oils to separate and detect wear particles. This technology monitors the wear condition of internal combustion engine components without destroying the structural relationship of the components. The wear condition can be determined without breaking the body. The wear particles produced by the mechanical parts are separated from the lubricating oil by the magnetic field of the ferromagnetic apparatus. The specific working conditions and the abrasive particles produced by different metal parts have different characteristics, and they are observed through the abrasive particles. The analysis can not only monitor the concentration and size of abrasive particles, but also understand the morphology and composition of the abrasive particles, thus enabling people to more deeply understand the process and mechanism of wear. At present, it has been widely used in mechanical condition monitoring, wear mechanism research and other fields. A large number of studies have shown that the abrasive particles in the lubricant carry detailed information about the state of mechanical wear. This information is manifested by the concentration, size, morphology, and composition of the abrasive particles. Based on these characteristics, the wear condition of a part can be judged, as well as the cause of wear, the type of wear, and the wear part occurring in this state. The severity of the wear can be analyzed quantitatively, and the abnormality of the machine during operation can be detected. The adaptability of machinery and the law of quality decay in the course of use, so as to propose a control strategy scientifically and reasonably. However, the iron spectrum is not suitable for the analysis of non-ferrous abrasive grains. Therefore, it is necessary to apply non-ferrous materials such as spectroscopy to analyze the nonferrous materials to make up for their deficiencies. Spectral analysis technology Spectral analysis technology uses abrasive oil-containing fluids to excite them with sparks, so that the abrasive element emits characteristic light. The light intensity of the wavelength is measured to determine the content and change of the element in the oil. Studies have shown that the use of MOA type spectrometer can simultaneously determine the 20 elements, namely Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Sn, Si, Mo, Li, Na, Mn, Ag, Sb, V, Ti, B, Ca, Zn, P, Ni, Al. The measurement accuracy of the element is 0.01 ppm and the analysis time is 30 s. According to the content and change of the abrasive grain elements in the oil sample, the wear state and working condition of the running parts can be judged. When the internal combustion engine is in the normal wear stage, the spectral analysis results of the abrasive elements in the oil generally follow a continuous linear change with the running time and have a certain regularity; when the internal combustion engine parts are in abnormal wear stage, the spectral analysis data show the following Features: dynamic, discrete, correlation and statistical, so for a specific internal combustion engine, after regular lubricating oil tracking and sampling, we can get a variety of wear elements with the device running time changes. If an element is found in subsequent measurements that does not satisfy the general variation or development trend of the element, it can be judged that the part containing the element is in abnormal wear, and then the correlation between the elements can be analyzed. Further determine the abnormal wear corresponding parts. Physical and chemical analysis technology Automotive engine lubricating oils are subject to high temperatures and high shear during operation, and the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and oxides, nitrides, and sulfides in air and exhaust gases. Oxidation, nitration, vulcanization, and antioxidants occur. Degradation of anti-wear agents, detergents, etc. Lubricant condition monitoring based on physicochemical properties analysis is mainly used to monitor the quality degradation of oil products and the change of engine operating conditions by monitoring indicators for evaluating the properties of lubricating oils. The indicators used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of oils include viscosity, moisture, flash point, acid value, n-pentane insolubles, and total base number. When an indicator in use reaches a limit, it is necessary to replace the lubricant. When the change of the index shows a continuous linear pattern, it indicates that the internal combustion engine work is normal; when an indicator changes abruptly, it indicates that the abnormal change occurs in the working condition of the internal combustion engine. If the viscosity of the oil suddenly becomes smaller, the flash point decreases, indicating that it is related to the dilution of the fuel; the moisture in the oil suddenly increases, indicating the leakage of the coolant; the acid value and the insoles of the pentane suddenly become large, indicating that a large amount of exhaust gas enters the crankcase and many more. These changes can be used to determine the operating conditions and wear conditions of the internal combustion engine through correlation analysis. Oil analysis technology in a certain automotive internal combustion engine monitoring example below through a case of the oil sample analysis and verification, evaluation of the oil analysis technology on the state of the internal combustion engine actual effect monitoring. The analysis oil sample is the lubricant that is periodically drawn from the internal combustion engine lubrication system in a driving experiment. Table 1 lists the conditions of the oil samples to be tested. The above-mentioned three groups of oil samples were analyzed by direct reading type ferro-analyzer, MOA spectrum analyzer, Avatar 360 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, viscometer and other physical and chemical analysis instruments. The analysis results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. Ferrography analysis: The first set of ferrographic analysis was normal, and the metal abrasive particles were observed on the spectra as fine and short, which is the normal performance of abrasive wear; the second set of analysis found that there are more 5μm～25μm slides on the spectral film. Adhered steel alloy abrasive particles, as well as a small amount of 5μm ~ 15μm steel alloy chips, iron spectrum analysis is not normal; the third group of iron spectrum analysis found only a small amount of 5μm ~ 10μm sliding, adhesive steel alloy abrasive particles, not on the spectrum See other types of abnormally worn metal abrasive particles. Spectral analysis: The first set of spectral analysis results are basically normal; the second set of analysis results show that Si, Fe content is high; the third set of analysis results show that Na, Cu elements are high. Diagnosis conclusion: The iron spectrum, spectrum and physicochemical analysis indexes of the first group of oil samples are all within the control range, which means that the internal combustion engine is in good working condition at this time, and basically it will not malfunction and can continue to be used; the second group of oil samples Viscosity and flash point are obviously low, indicating that the internal combustion engine has a serious fuel leak. Spectral analysis of Si and Fe elements is high. After the spectrum has a larger size of copper, steel alloy abrasive particles, indicating that the bearing wear caused by poor lubrication of the engine is more serious, it is recommended to immediately change the oil, solve the problem of fuel leakage, shorten the sampling of internal combustion engine lubrication Cycle, continue to follow the monitoring; the third group of oil samples of Na, Cu serious over the standard spectrum did not see abnormal wear particles, high copper is caused by leakage of coolant corrosion of copper abrasive particles, because of the rust inhibitor in the coolant Contains sodium, so the sodium in the oil sample is also exceeded. From this, it is determined that the leakage of coolant is severe and it is recommended to resolve it as soon as possible The comprehensive application strategy of oil analysis technology utilizes the oil analysis technology to carry out scientific and reasonable monitoring of the state of the internal combustion engine of an automobile. The basic performance parameters of the internal combustion engine, the operating conditions and the materials of each lubrication part must be systematically researched to master the elements in the lubricant. From the source, reasonably determine the sampling period of the oil, comprehensively use various analytical techniques to extract the relevant detailed information, establish the limits of the physics and chemical indicators of the internal combustion engine and control limits of the abrasive particles, analyze and compare, and then make judgments and decisions. The specific route of its monitoring strategy is shown in Figure 1. In practical applications, through the physical and chemical analysis of oil samples and the analysis and comparison of the limited values ​​of physical and chemical oils, one can judge the quality of lubricants and the lubrication conditions of internal combustion engines; on the other hand, it can be used to diagnose whether internal combustion engines have oil leakage, seepage, or defects. Gas and other abnormal conditions occurred. Through spectral analysis, a data model was established to determine the content and changes of each element in the oil sample, and the wear and working conditions can be judged. Through the analysis of the oil ferrogram, an iron spectrum image database of normal wear of the internal combustion engine is established. When the collected oil sample is analyzed when the internal combustion engine is running, the concentration of wear elements in the monitored oil sample can be determined according to the defined limit values. And the range in which the gradient is located, if the information provided is not sufficient for judgment, fuzzy mathematics knowledge can be used for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine the wear type and wear part of the internal combustion engine. Through the above comprehensive analysis and processing, the state of the internal combustion engine can be effectively monitored, and the faults of the internal combustion engine can be diagnosed and predicted so as to realize the control of the failure and damage of the internal combustion engine. Conclusion The use of oil technology to monitor the status of the internal combustion engine of an automobile must be combined with the physicochemical analysis, spectrum analysis, and ferrography analysis technology of the oil. Physical and chemical analysis provides the basis for oil pollution, lubrication and abnormal working conditions. Spectral analysis can quickly reflect the concentration of various wear elements and grasp the trend of equipment changes. Ferrography analysis can determine the characteristics of abnormal wear particles and infer the wear type of moving parts. And parts, have a strong explanation for the wear and tear of the internal combustion engine. In the oil analysis, physicochemical analysis is the basis, spectral analysis is the auxiliary, and ferrospectroscopy is the core. The three organic combinations can provide scientific and reliable basis for monitoring. 3D Folding Face Mask,3D Folding Protective Mask,3D Foldable Ffp2 Respirator,3D Folding 5 Layer Disposable Respirator Henan Aklly Filter Engineering Co., Ltd , https://www.akllyfilte.com
January 23, 2024