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The Ministry of Agriculture should issue the 2016 National Millet Production Technical Guidance
I. Northeast Spring Valley
The area includes Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and eastern Inner Mongolia.
(1) Choosing good varieties
According to the requirements of market demand, scale development and mechanized production, choose varieties suitable for local cultivation, high yield, lodging resistance, drought tolerance, disease resistance and herbicide resistance. At the same time, the selection of varieties with suitable plant height and tight grain size can effectively reduce the rate of mechanical harvest loss. Millet belongs to crops sensitive to light and temperature, and it is necessary to avoid blind introduction between different regions.
Appropriate varieties in this area include Gongxiao 5, Gongxiao 8, Jiugu 18, Jiugu 19, Jiugu 20, Longgu 25, Longgu 35, and golden varieties of farmer varieties.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
Millet seedlings are weak and advocate fine soil preparation. In the autumn, the ploughing and ploughing will be carried out before the planting in spring, and the ground water will be poured into the bottom of the ground, and the bottom fertilizer will be applied, and the ploughing, hoeing and suppression will be carried out. In winter, there is more snowfall, and in areas with good soil moisture in spring, no tillage can be maintained. In areas where winter rainfall, snowfall, and drought are severe, it can be planted in early spring and planted after rainfall. The base fertilizer is generally based on farmyard manure or organic fertilizer, and can also be replaced by compound fertilizer such as diammonium. Generally, 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen and 8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide are applied per mu. If the dry land is less topdressing, it is better to apply the base fertilizer.
(3) Suitable sowing
Heilongjiang and other areas with short frost-free periods generally start planting around April 20. Jilin, Liaoning and eastern Inner Mongolia are generally around the beginning of May to May 20, and cannot be later than the end of May. In the cold and cool spring sowing area and arid area, micro-ditch side ditch or full-film cover sowing should be selected, and the integrated film-seeding seeding machine should be adopted, and water-saving cultivation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be combined. The area with good rainfall and heat can be spread in the open field of 2B/M-2 millet seed drill. The herbicide resistant variety can be used to save the cost of artificial seedlings, and the line spacing should be increased to about 50cm to facilitate the operation of the cultivator.
(4) Reasonable close planting
Ensuring the right basic seedlings is one of the key technologies for the harvest of millet. The dry land is finely sown, and the amount per acre is generally 0.2-0.35 kg. After sowing, there is no need for seedlings; if it is not capable of sowing, it can generally be used according to the amount of 0.5-1.0 kg, and artificial seedlings or chemical seedlings can be used after sowing. group. The basic seedlings in the spring valley of Northeast China are maintained at 30,000 to 40,000 plants.
(5) Field management
First, weeding and weeding. The precision seeding plot can simplify the seedlings or the seedlings; the herbicide-tolerant varieties use the herbicide intercropping and weeding 6-15 days after emergence; the general varieties are weeded by the “Guyou†herbicide, and sprayed before emergence. 100-120 grams per acre, 50 kilograms of water, the membrane side cultivation is more than half of the open-air cultivation using herbicides, and the whole membrane is covered with no or little herbicide.
The second is fertilizer management. It is difficult to topdress the mulching film, and the base fertilizer should be applied. 40-50 kg of slow-release formula fertilizer or 50-60 kg of NPK fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the mu, and 3 farmyard manure or 300-500 kg should be added in the conditioned area. Bio-organic fertilizer. Open field cultivation can reduce the bottom fertilizer as appropriate, and combine the cultivating and cultivating soil before the ridges are closed, 20-30 kg of urea per mu, and 10 kg of urea in the flowering and filling period, and the potassium fertilizer can be sprayed in the middle of the grouting. The millet is drought-tolerant, and the rain is abundant. It is generally not necessary to water the water during the birth period. In case of heavy rain, it is necessary to pay attention to timely drainage. When rainfall is low, watering conditions can be watered 1-2 times during the booting stage and flowering filling stage.
The third is pest control. In recent years, the incidence of white disease in Chungu District has become more serious. It is necessary to strengthen the seed dressing or seed coating to prevent the occurrence of diseases and promptly remove the diseased plants in the field.
The fourth is the right harvest. It should be harvested in time when 95% of the grain is hardened, so as to prevent the harvest from being too late to reduce the quality of the millet, the more grains, and the germination of the rain. The plain area can be harvested by the cut-flow combine harvester, such as John Deere W70, W80, Changfa CF505, Changfa CF504A, etc.; the hilly mountainous area can be developed by Hebei Province 4S-1.8 type multi-purpose windrower Harvesting, using 5T-28, 5T-45 millet thresher threshing. The moisture content of millet after harvest is generally between 20% and 30%, and should be aired or dried to 13% or less in time.
Second, Northwest Chungu District
The area has a large span, which is divided into early maturing area and middle and late maturing area. The early maturing areas include Inner Mongolia Hohhot, Chifeng, Shanxi Datong, Hebei Zhangjiakou, Shaanxi Yulin, Gansu, Ningxia and other places. The middle and late maturing areas include southwestern Shanxi, Yan'an and Hebei in Shaanxi. Chengde and other places.
(1) Choosing good varieties
Early-maturing areas can be selected from Zhangzagu No. 5, Zhangzagu No. 3, Shanxi Red Valley, Fenggu 13, Huangmiao, Chigu 17, and Shigu 11 and other suitable varieties in the middle and late maturing areas include Jingu 21 and Jingu 29. Jingu 40, Chenggu 13, Chaogu 58, Changnong 35, Changsheng 07, Jingu 55, Jingu 57, Jingu 58, Changnong 40, etc. The selection method of the variety refers to the northeast spring valley area.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
The spring sowing area should be ploughed and ploughed in autumn, and the ground water should be poured before the planting in spring, the bottom fertilizer should be applied, the rotary tillage, the hoeing, and the suppression should be carried out. There are more snowfall in winter, and areas with better soil moisture in spring can be no longer ploughed for protection. In areas where there is little rain and snow in winter and severe drought, it can be planted in the early spring and planted after rainfall. Fertilization refers to the northeast spring valley area.
(3) Suitable sowing
The suitable sowing date in the northwestern spring valley area is generally from late April to early May, and the seeding method refers to the northeast spring valley area.
(4) Reasonable close planting
The area is suitable for 30,000 to 40,000 basic seedlings of mu, and the method of sowing amount and seedling protection refers to the northeast spring valley area.
(5) Field management
Refer to the field management method of the Spring Valley in Northeast China.
Third, Xiagu District, North China
Xiagu District in North China mainly includes central and southern Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other regions. The millet in this area is dominated by wheat and summer sowing, and some areas are spring sowing.
(1) Choosing good varieties
The conventional varieties suitable for mechanized production in this area include Yugu 18, Yugu 19, Zhonggu 1, Zhonggu 2, Shibuya 19, Baogu 18, Baogu 19, Shigu 5, and Jigu 16, suitable for mechanized production and herbicide resistant varieties. Valley 31, Shibuya 33, Shibuya 36, ​​Henggu 13, Jigu 15, Yugu 21, Baogu 20, Zhonggu 5, etc.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
When wheat stalks are harvested, the wheat stalks should be kept as low as possible. The fields that are packed and removed from the wheat straw can be directly sown with no-tillage by planting and fertilizing the whole machine; the higher sorghum should be smashed and smashed more than 2 times. Spring sowing and land preparation can refer to the northeast spring valley area.
(3) Suitable sowing
The suitable sowing date of this area is from the beginning of June to the end of June. If it is not too early for spring sowing, avoid the aggravation of virus disease.
(4) Reasonable close planting
There are 30,000 to 50,000 basic seedlings in the summer valley of North China. The amount of seeding and seedling protection methods refer to the Northeast Spring Valley area.
(5) Field management
Refer to the field management method of the Spring Valley in Northeast China.
(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiaozong Grain Bean Expert Guidance Group)
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[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] China's main production areas of millet include Northeast Spring Valley, Northwest Chungu District and North China Xiagu District, with an annual planting area of ​​11 million mu. In recent years, driven by market demand, the area planted with millet has risen rapidly, but sales in some areas have been sluggish and prices have fallen, which has adversely affected millet production. In accordance with the overall arrangement of corn structure adjustment in the “Shovel Bend†area, the scientific guidance for the production of millet production in 2016 is proposed for scientific guidance of millet production and improvement of quality and efficiency.
June 04, 2024