The cone drill consists of a drill bit and a drill pipe.
According to the number of cones, roller cone bits are divided into single cone, double cone, three cone and multi-cone (4-6 cones).
The drill pipe also has the main and auxiliary drill pipe points. Due to the large axial thrust and the turning moment, the material of the drill pipe is better; the pipe wall is thicker, and the inner diameter can pass enough powder (compressed air). In order to avoid stuck drilling, the outer diameter must be 35 to 50 mm smaller than the hole. The drill pipe and the drill bit are connected by a taper pipe.
According to the shape of the teeth, steel teeth roller bit can be divided into hard alloy and cone teeth two drill column. The former is suitable for soft rock; the latter is strong and wear resistant, suitable for medium hard and hard rock.
The relative position of the cone cone to the center axis of the drill bit and the bottom working surface of the drill can also be divided into a rotary shaft type (Fig. 1a), a twisted shaft type (Fig. 1b) and a shifting shaft type (Fig. 1c). The cone apex of the shaft bit cone cone falls on the central axis of the drill bit and intersects point A. When the drill bit is working, the cone cone is purely rolled along the bottom working surface, and the central axis AA' of the cone cone can only rotate at a fixed point around the central axis OO' of the drill bit, so it is called a rotary shaft type. The drill bit is suitable for medium hard and hard rock ore, and the roller bit used in metal mines is basically a shaft type. The torsion-axis and the shift-axis have the movement and sliding of the working surface at the bottom of the hole, and the friction is large, but the crushing effect of the soft rock can be improved.

Figure 1 shows the relative position of the cone body and the center axis of the drill bit
(a) shaft type; (b) torsion type; (c) shift type

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April 27, 2023